Perekonomian Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur

Perekonomian Kabupaten Malang
	Berkas:Lower Manhattan skyline - June 2017.jpg New York City, the world's principal fintech and financial center and the epicenter of the world's principal metropolitan economy
Mata uang	Rupiah (Simbol: Rp; Kode: IDR) ; US Dollar Index
Tahun fiskal	1 Oktober – 30 September
Dagang organisasi	WTO, G-20, G7, OECD, USMCA, APEC dan lain-lain.
Grup negara	Advanced economy; High-income economy; Welfare state;
Statistik
Populasi	2.703.175 jiwa (Oktober 2023)
PDRB	Rp128.373,22 miliar (nominal; 2024); Rp29,167 triliun (PPP; 2024);
Peringkat PDRB	34 (nominal; 2023); 2nd (PPP; 2024);
Pertumbuhan PDRB	5,49% (2019); -2,68% (2020); 3,12% (2021); 5,13% (2022); 5,00% (2023) (ADHK);
Inflasi (CPI)	3% (2023)
Populasi di bawah garis kemiskinan	11.1% (2023); 36.8 million (2023);
Gini coefficient	46.7 high (2022, USCB); 41.7 medium (2020, CBO);
Indeks Pembangunan Manusia	0.927 very high (2022) (20th); 0.823 very high IHDI (27th) (2022);
Corruption Perceptions Index	69 out of 100 points (2023) (rank 24th)
Labor force	161,200,000 (2023); 62.4% employment rate (2023);
Labor force by occupation	Agriculture: 1.0%; Industry: 19%; Services: 80%; (FY 2018);
Pengangguran	Templat:IncreaseNegative 4.2% (November 2024); 13.2% youth unemployment (November 2024; 16 to 19 year-olds); Templat:IncreaseNegative 7.1 million unemployed (November 2024);
Average gross salary	$5,605, monthly (2023)
Average net salary	$4,246, monthly (2023)
Final consumption expenditure	85.2% of GDP (2023)
Gross capital formation	17.7% of GDP (2023)
Yield curve	10-year bond 5.09% (April 2024)
Purchasing Managers' Index	50.3 Manufacturing (Mar 2024); 51.4 Services (Mar 2024);
Industri utama	High-technology; petroleum; steel; motor vehicles; aerospace; telecommunications; chemicals; electronics; agribusiness; food processing; information technology; artificial intelligence; consumer goods; lumber; retail; healthcare; financial services; mining; renewable energy; quantum computing; space technology; defence; biotechnology; pharmaceutical;
External
Exports	$3.053 trillion (2023)
Export goods	Agricultural products 10.7%; Fuels and mining products 9.4%; Manufacturers 74.8%; Others 5.1%;
Main export partners	Templat:Country data European Union(-) 18.3%; Templat:Country data Canada(-) 17.5%; Templat:Country data Mexico(+) 16.0%; Templat:Country data China(-) 7.3%; Templat:Country data Japan(-) 3.8%; Other countries 37.1%;
Imports	$3.827 trillion (2023)
Import goods	Agricultural products 10.5%; Fuels and mining products 10.7%; Manufacturers 78.4%; Others 4.2%;
Main import partners	Templat:Country data European Union(+) 23.6%; Templat:Country data Mexico(+) 15.4%; Templat:Country data China(-) 13.9%; Templat:Country data Canada(+) 13.7%; Templat:Country data Japan(-) 4.8%; Others 28.6%;
FDI stock	Inward: $367 billion (2021); Outward: $403 billion (2021);
Current account	Templat:IncreaseNegative −$948.64 billion (2024); −3.25% of GDP (2024);
Gross external debt	Templat:IncreaseNegative $27 trillion (2023)
Keuangan publik
Government debt	Templat:IncreaseNegative $35.294 trillion; Templat:IncreaseNegative 121% of GDP (2024);
Budget balance	–6.3% of GDP (2023)
Pendapatan daerah	$8.720 trillion; 29.9% of GDP (2024)
Belanja daerah	$10.945 trillion; 37.5% of GDP (2024); Government spending in the United States
Economic aid	donor: ODA, $35.26 billion (2017)
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:; AA+ (Domestic); AA+ (Foreign); AAA (T&C Assessment); Outlook: Stable; Moody's:; Aaa; Outlook: Stable; Fitch:; AA+; Outlook: Stable; Scope Ratings:; AA; Outlook: Negative;
Foreign reserves	$250 billion (2024)
	All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Tentang perekonomian di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur.

↑ "The Global Financial Centres Index 36". Long Finance. September 24, 2024. Diakses tanggal September 27, 2024.
↑ Jones, Huw. "New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index". Reuters. Diakses tanggal September 27, 2024.
↑ Laura Bratton (September 28, 2023). "Sorry, London — New York Is Still the Financial Capital of the World". The Messenger. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 11, 2023. Diakses tanggal October 1, 2023. The GDP of the New York City metropolitan area is larger than the country of South Korea...New York City was ranked as the most competitive city in the financial industry for the fifth straight year.
↑ Iman Ghosh (September 24, 2020). "This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output". World Economic Forum. Diakses tanggal March 5, 2023. The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.
↑ "World Economic Outlook Database Groups and Aggregates Information". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.
↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2019.
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama US_welfare
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Kenworthy
↑ Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Malang. BPS Kabupaten Malang. hlm. 5. ISSN 2614-557X.
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama IMFWEOUS
↑ "U.S. inflation falls to 3%, lowest level in more than 2 years, as price pressures ease". Los Angeles Times. July 12, 2023.
↑ ^12,0 ^12,1 "Poverty in the United States: 2023". United States Census Bureau. September 10, 2024. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2024.
↑ "Income Distribution Measures and Percent Change Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income" (PDF). census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal May 14, 2024.
↑ "The Distribution of Household Income, 2020". cbo.gov. Congressional Budget Office. November 14, 2023. Diakses tanggal May 14, 2024.
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ushdi
↑ "CPI 2023". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 February 2023. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2024.
↑ ^17,0 ^17,1 ^17,2 ^17,3 ^17,4 "Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age". BLS.gov. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Diakses tanggal December 6, 2024.
↑ "Employment by major industry sector". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2018.
↑ ^19,0 ^19,1 "Taxing Wages 2024" (PDF). www.oecd.org.
↑ ^20,0 ^20,1 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama GDP Data
↑ "Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States".
↑ ^22,0 ^22,1 "PMI, Purchasing Managers' Index – Manufacturing, Services". www.pmi.spglobal.com.
↑ ^23,0 ^23,1 "us-international-trade-goods-and-services-december-2023". Bureau of Economic Analysis. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2024.
↑ "Exports of goods by principal end-use category" (PDF). Census Bureau.
↑ ^25,0 ^25,1 "U.S. trade in goods with World, Seasonally Adjusted" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal June 1, 2021.
↑ "Imports of goods by principal end-use category" (PDF). Census Bureau.
↑ ^27,0 ^27,1 "UNCTAD 2022" (PDF). UNCTAD. Diakses tanggal January 6, 2022.
↑ ^28,0 ^28,1 ^28,2 ^28,3 ^28,4 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2024". imf.org. International Monetary Fund.
↑ "Treasury TIC Data". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2022.
↑ "Budget and Economic Data". cbo.gov. Congressional Budget Office.
↑ "Development aid rises again in 2016 but flows to poorest countries dip". OECD. April 11, 2017. Diakses tanggal September 25, 2017.
↑ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 18, 2011. Diakses tanggal August 20, 2011.
↑ ^33,0 ^33,1 Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (April 15, 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal May 28, 2011.
↑ Riley, Charles (August 2, 2017). "Moody's affirms Aaa rating, lowers outlook". CNN.
↑ "Fitch Downgrades the United States' Long-Term Ratings to 'AA+' from 'AAA'; Outlook Stable". Fitch Ratings.
↑ "Scope confirms the United States of America at AA and assigns a Negative Outlook". Scope Ratings.
↑ "U.S. International Reserve Position". Treasury.gov. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2024.

[NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld-1] "The Global Financial Centres Index 36". Long Finance. September 24, 2024. Diakses tanggal September 27, 2024.

[2] Jones, Huw. "New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index". Reuters. Diakses tanggal September 27, 2024.

[3] Laura Bratton (September 28, 2023). "Sorry, London — New York Is Still the Financial Capital of the World". The Messenger. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 11, 2023. Diakses tanggal October 1, 2023. The GDP of the New York City metropolitan area is larger than the country of South Korea...New York City was ranked as the most competitive city in the financial industry for the fifth straight year.

[NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy-4] Iman Ghosh (September 24, 2020). "This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output". World Economic Forum. Diakses tanggal March 5, 2023. The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.

[5] "World Economic Outlook Database Groups and Aggregates Information". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.

[6] "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2019.

[US_welfare-7] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama US_welfare

[Kenworthy-8] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Kenworthy

[9] Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Malang. BPS Kabupaten Malang. hlm. 5. ISSN 2614-557X.

[IMFWEOUS-10] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama IMFWEOUS

[11] "U.S. inflation falls to 3%, lowest level in more than 2 years, as price pressures ease". Los Angeles Times. July 12, 2023.

[PovertyCB-12] 12,0 ^12,1 "Poverty in the United States: 2023". United States Census Bureau. September 10, 2024. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2024.

[13] "Income Distribution Measures and Percent Change Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income" (PDF). census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal May 14, 2024.

[14] "The Distribution of Household Income, 2020". cbo.gov. Congressional Budget Office. November 14, 2023. Diakses tanggal May 14, 2024.

[ushdi-15] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ushdi

[ti_2023-16] "CPI 2023". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 February 2023. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2024.

[BLS_JobsData-17] 17,0 ^17,1 ^17,2 ^17,3 ^17,4 "Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age". BLS.gov. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Diakses tanggal December 6, 2024.

[18] "Employment by major industry sector". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2018.

[wage2023-19] 19,0 ^19,1 "Taxing Wages 2024" (PDF). www.oecd.org.

[GDP_Data-20] 20,0 ^20,1 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama GDP Data

[21] "Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States".

[auto1-22] 22,0 ^22,1 "PMI, Purchasing Managers' Index – Manufacturing, Services". www.pmi.spglobal.com.

[bea-23] 23,0 ^23,1 "us-international-trade-goods-and-services-december-2023". Bureau of Economic Analysis. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2024.

[24] "Exports of goods by principal end-use category" (PDF). Census Bureau.

[wto-25] 25,0 ^25,1 "U.S. trade in goods with World, Seasonally Adjusted" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal June 1, 2021.

[26] "Imports of goods by principal end-use category" (PDF). Census Bureau.

[UNFDI-27] 27,0 ^27,1 "UNCTAD 2022" (PDF). UNCTAD. Diakses tanggal January 6, 2022.

[IMF_Finance-28] 28,0 ^28,1 ^28,2 ^28,3 ^28,4 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2024". imf.org. International Monetary Fund.

[29] "Treasury TIC Data". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2022.

[CBO_Hist_20-30] "Budget and Economic Data". cbo.gov. Congressional Budget Office.

[oecd-aid-31] "Development aid rises again in 2016 but flows to poorest countries dip". OECD. April 11, 2017. Diakses tanggal September 25, 2017.

[32] "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 18, 2011. Diakses tanggal August 20, 2011.

[guardian-33] 33,0 ^33,1 Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (April 15, 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal May 28, 2011.

[34] Riley, Charles (August 2, 2017). "Moody's affirms Aaa rating, lowers outlook". CNN.

[35] "Fitch Downgrades the United States' Long-Term Ratings to 'AA+' from 'AAA'; Outlook Stable". Fitch Ratings.

[36] "Scope confirms the United States of America at AA and assigns a Negative Outlook". Scope Ratings.

[37] "U.S. International Reserve Position". Treasury.gov. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2024.

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Statistik
Berkas:Lower Manhattan skyline - June 2017.jpg New York City, the world's principal fintech and financial center^[1]^[2]^[3] and the epicenter of the world's principal metropolitan economy^[4]
Mata uang	Rupiah (Simbol: Rp; Kode: IDR) US Dollar Index
Tahun fiskal	1 Oktober – 30 September
Dagang organisasi	WTO, G-20, G7, OECD, USMCA, APEC dan lain-lain.
Grup negara	Advanced economy^[5] High-income economy^[6] Welfare state^[7]^[8]
Populasi	2.703.175 jiwa (Oktober 2023)^[9]
PDRB	Rp128.373,22 miliar (nominal; 2024) Rp29,167 triliun (PPP; 2024)^[10]
Peringkat PDRB	34 (nominal; 2023) 2nd (PPP; 2024)
Pertumbuhan PDRB	5,49% (2019) -2,68% (2020) 3,12% (2021) 5,13% (2022) 5,00% (2023) (ADHK)
Inflasi (CPI)	3% (2023)^[11]
Populasi di bawah garis kemiskinan	11.1% (2023)^[12] 36.8 million (2023)^[12]
Gini coefficient	46.7 high (2022, USCB)^[13] 41.7 medium (2020, CBO)^[14]
Indeks Pembangunan Manusia	0.927 very high (2022) (20th) 0.823 very high IHDI (27th) (2022)^[15]
Corruption Perceptions Index	69 out of 100 points (2023)^[16] (rank 24th)
Labor force	161,200,000 (2023)^[17] 62.4% employment rate (2023)^[17]
Labor force by occupation	Agriculture: 1.0% Industry: 19% Services: 80% (FY 2018)^[18]
Pengangguran	Templat:IncreaseNegative 4.2% (November 2024)^[17] 13.2% youth unemployment (November 2024; 16 to 19 year-olds)^[17] Templat:IncreaseNegative 7.1 million unemployed (November 2024)^[17]
Average gross salary	$5,605, monthly^[19] (2023)
Average net salary	$4,246, monthly^[19] (2023)
Final consumption expenditure	85.2% of GDP (2023)^[20]
Gross capital formation	17.7% of GDP (2023)^[20]
Yield curve	10-year bond 5.09% (April 2024)^[21]
Purchasing Managers' Index	50.3 Manufacturing (Mar 2024)^[22] 51.4 Services (Mar 2024)^[22]
Industri utama	High-technology petroleum steel motor vehicles aerospace telecommunications chemicals electronics agribusiness food processing information technology artificial intelligence consumer goods lumber retail healthcare financial services mining renewable energy quantum computing space technology defence biotechnology pharmaceutical
External
Exports	$3.053 trillion (2023)^[23]
Export goods	Agricultural products 10.7% Fuels and mining products 9.4% Manufacturers 74.8% Others 5.1%^[24]
Main export partners	Templat:Country data European Union(-) 18.3% Templat:Country data Canada(-) 17.5% Templat:Country data Mexico(+) 16.0% Templat:Country data China(-) 7.3% Templat:Country data Japan(-) 3.8% Other countries 37.1%^[25]
Imports	$3.827 trillion (2023)^[23]
Import goods	Agricultural products 10.5% Fuels and mining products 10.7% Manufacturers 78.4% Others 4.2%^[26]
Main import partners	Templat:Country data European Union(+) 23.6% Templat:Country data Mexico(+) 15.4% Templat:Country data China(-) 13.9% Templat:Country data Canada(+) 13.7% Templat:Country data Japan(-) 4.8% Others 28.6%^[25]
FDI stock	Inward: $367 billion (2021)^[27] Outward: $403 billion (2021)^[27]
Current account	Templat:IncreaseNegative −$948.64 billion (2024)^[28] −3.25% of GDP (2024)^[28]
Gross external debt	Templat:IncreaseNegative $27 trillion (2023)^[29]
Keuangan publik
Government debt	Templat:IncreaseNegative $35.294 trillion Templat:IncreaseNegative 121% of GDP (2024)^[28]
Budget balance	–6.3% of GDP (2023)^[30]
Pendapatan daerah	$8.720 trillion^[28] 29.9% of GDP (2024)
Belanja daerah	$10.945 trillion^[28] 37.5% of GDP (2024) Government spending in the United States
Economic aid	donor: ODA, $35.26 billion (2017)^[31]
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:^[32]^[33] AA+ (Domestic) AA+ (Foreign) AAA (T&C Assessment) Outlook: Stable Moody's:^[33]^[34] Aaa Outlook: Stable Fitch:^[35] AA+ Outlook: Stable Scope Ratings:^[36] AA Outlook: Negative
Foreign reserves	$250 billion (2024)^[37]
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.