Javasatu:ProyekJS Schools/Article advice: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{for|advice for higher education institution articles|Wikipedia:College and university article guideline}}

{{Notice|imageright=[[File:School.svg|40px]]|heading=Welcome to the article guidelines page of WikiProject Schools!|If after reading this, you need feedback or help on a page you are creating, or have edited, please go to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Schools/Help|'''this page''']].<br />{{Center|[[File:Nuvola apps kuser.svg|20px]] Coordinators {{Hlist|{{User0|Tedder}}|{{User0|Steven (Editor)}}}}}} {{Hidden|header=<small>Coordinators?</small>|content=<small>The Coordinators keep the project pages on their watchlists, welcome new participants, maintain lists, keep the discussions tidy, on track, and on the right pages, and check for signatures and page links, and develop sub pages and templates as required, etc. — nothing much more than any experienced project member can do. Coordinators offer their own suggestions and opinions in the normal way.</small>}}}}

<span id="N"></span> Wikipedia uses the first meaning to decide whether the topic is worthy of inclusion. The school does not have to be remarkable or distinguished, just worthy of being noted<!-- this is an essay so my interpretation is acceptable if the community does not reject it-->. Wikipedia decides whether a school is [[Wikipedia:Notability|notable enough]] for a stand-alone article by assessing, whether it "has received ''significant coverage'' in ''[[WP:reliable sources|reliable sources]]'' that are ''[[WP:Independent sources|independent]] of the subject''".<!--Link to Policy above-->

{{See also|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Common outcomes#Education|Wikipedia:Notability (high schools)}}

Individual articles must usually meet either the Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Notability|general notability guideline]] or the [[Wikipedia:Notability (organizations and companies)|organizations and companies subject-specific notability guideline]] – note that the notability requirement is to pass one of the two guidelines; there is no obligation to pass both. None of the many discussions over the years have reached a consensus, with the current practice being generally observed as evidenced by thousands of examples.

In practice, articles on [[High school|high]]/[[Secondary school|secondary]] schools and [[school district]]s are usually kept, as they are almost always found to be notable, unless their existence cannot be [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verified]] in order to stop [[Wikipedia:Hoax|hoaxes]]. Articles on elementary/primary and middle schools are normally blanked and redirected or merged into the school district article (USA) or the appropriate locality article. There are however 60 stand-alone articles on primary schools in London because they were found 'notable'. Articles on educational establishments are formally exempt from the [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#A7|speedy deletion A7 criterion]], but totally inappropriate articles can and should be tagged for deletion under any other [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#General|general]] or [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Article|article]] criterion that applies.

In China an institution called a "middle school" in English may in fact be, in Chinese, a "secondary school" or 中学 (which really means ''any secondary school''). The actual Chinese word equivalent to an American definition of a "middle school" (lower secondary) is 初中 chuzhong while upper secondary/senior high is 高中 ("gaozhong"). A "zhongxue" often has both levels. Check with [[Wikipedia:WikiProject China]] if you are unsure whether a Chinese "middle school" has an upper secondary/senior high school component.{{efn|{{List of names for secondary schools by country}}}}

It is recommended that editors only create a school article when its content shows that it already passes the notability guideline by displaying significant coverage in [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable sources]]. Some editors cite the contents of [[WP:SCHOOLOUTCOMES]] or this page as reasons for keeping school articles that don't (at face value) meet notability requirements; it should be noted, however, that these pages simply document the current practice and are not in themselves authoritative. It is advised to draft an article in the [[Wikipedia:User pages|user space]] (such as at [[Special:Mypage/School article]]) or more preferably in the [[WP:Draft|Draft]] namespace where it will get more attention and help from others. It can then be moved and published into the [[Wikipedia:Mainspace|main space]] when it is ready. This prevents deletion while the article is being developed.

{{selfref|For the Wikipedia guideline on an article's layout, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (layout)]].}}

# '''Images.''': Using images and school crests, emblems, or logos can greatly enhance articles, but only use them when they help illustrate the topic (e.g. are relevant), and ensure that they are [[Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|freely licensed]] or in the [[public domain]] (see [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]]). In most cases, the only way to accomplish this is for you to take the photo yourself and upload it following the instructions for licensing. For crests, emblems, or logos, see the special instructions in the infobox section.

# '''Infobox.''' Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Infobox|infoboxes]] are an important element of many page types. They provide an overview of essential school information in a format that is common to all school articles. (See the main infobox section below). Flag icons [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (icons)#Avoid flag icons in infoboxes|should not be used]].

# '''Be bold!''' If you have already edited Wikipedia pages, you probably know what [[Wikipedia:The_perfect_article|perfect articles]] look like. They cover everything they should without going on forever. Common sense could have told you almost all of the items mentioned above. Ultimately, assume [[good faith]] and go out there and write some [[WP:GA|good articles]]!

Avoid comparing schools (sports results, exam results) to introduce rivalry or to promote the school. Although written for colleges and universities, the advice in [[Wikipedia:Avoid academic boosterism]] also applies here. Some examples that have been found in the past:

Follow the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Wikipedia Manual of Style]] and [[Wikipedia:Only make links that are relevant to the context|only make links that are relevant to the context]]. Days, months and years should not be linked in school articles unless the inclusion of such a link is of specific relevance to the article, and if a complete date is required, write the date in full, e.g.: '''5 November 1985'''.  

See [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]] to know the consistency, consideration, purpose, and usage of what information should be included in infoboxes. More specifically, see '''{{t|infobox school|Infobox school}}''' for complete list of parameters:

* '''Notable alumni''' – If possible, provide a list of [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)|notable alumni]] of the school with appropriate and sourced detail on each, moving the list to a [[List of Old Malvernians|separate article]] if it is too large. The section may also include an overview of the school's alumni, providing appropriate details where available, such as the school's reputation for their alumni, the fields in which the school's alumni have had an impact, and any alumni society. See [[#Alumni]] for further guidance.

* '''References''' {{anchor|acceptable references}}– [[WP:CITE|Provide]] [[WP:V|verifiable]] [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] of information about the school, that are independent of the school itself. An article should not rely solely on what its subject has to say about itself (as with any article in Wikipedia). '''A school's own website is not an independent source''', though can be an [[WP:SELFSOURCE|acceptable source]] for information sections involving no value judgments, such as [[#School structure|school structure]]. References from third-party sources are preferable and particularly important for school awards and contentious statements. For private schools in North America, an accreditation body or government source should be provided to show the organization is a legitimate school; for the UK this will generally be [[Ofsted]]. There is no requirement on Wikipedia for sources used in articles to be online; either online or offline sources can be used as long as they are correctly cited, reliable, and published. If a resource is online, consider the future possibility it will go offline (newspapers often allow free reading only for recent stories), and provide sufficient information so that the story will still be found (author, publication, full article title, date, and if possible the [[Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine|archive URL]]). [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (footnotes)]] contains technical details on how to correctly format footnotes.

* Country or regional flags, [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (icons)#Avoid flag icons in infoboxes|including within infoboxes]];

* Copies of the school's [[Wikipedia:Avoid mission statements|mission statement]], aims, or goals – these are generally considered promotional;

* Comparisons of sports results, exam results, etc. between schools which introduces rivalry, unless third-party reliable sources themselves make such comparisons; otherwise this is a form of [[Wikipedia:No original research|original research]]. Such content can also be considered promotional, and although written for colleges and universities, the advice in [[Wikipedia:Avoid academic boosterism]] also applies here;

* The lyrics of the school song (or school anthem). However, the lyrics may be placed on [[Wikisource]] and linked to from the article using {{tlx|Wikisource}} if it can be verified that the song is in the [[public domain]] or has been released by the copyright holder under the [[Creative Commons licenses#Original licenses|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence]]. See [[Wikipedia:Public domain]] and [[Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]] for guidance on when material will enter the public domain.

{{selfref|For the Wikipedia guideline on categories, see [[Wikipedia:Categorization]].}}

Try to avoid [[Wikipedia:Overcategorization|overcategorization]]. Generally all of [[:Category:Education]], but especially articles in the subcategories of

{{redirect|WP:ALUMNI||Wikipedia:Namechecking|and|Wikipedia:Your alma mater is not your ticket to Wikipedia|and|Wikipedia:List of colleges and universities by number of alumni with Wikipedia pages}}

All alumni information must be referenced. See [[Wikipedia:Footnoting]] for technical help. Individual alumni need a citation to (a) verify that they did indeed attend the school, and (b) verify the statement of their [[WP:N|notability]] in their short one- or two-line description. When alumni have their own articles in mainspace, it is {{clarify span|reason=Unclear; how does this square with WP:V? See Talk#Lists, Verifiability, and Notability|date=November 2020|not necessary for their notability to be referenced, as long as it is done in the biographical articles}}. Be sure to check the existing biography article to ensure that it demonstrates alumni status with a cited reference.  

For stand-alone lists of alumni, alumni to be included must meet [[WP:LISTCRITERIA|the normal criteria established for that page]]. Inclusion in Lists of alumni included as part of a large article should be determined by [[WP:SOURCELIST]] and the same criteria used to determine the inclusion of other material in the article according to Wikipedia policies and guidelines (including [[Wikipedia:Trivia sections]]).

The [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (embedded lists)]] guideline invites consideration of whether information might be more appropriately presented in list or prose form. As the notable alumni of a school typically form an assorted group with little in common, describing all of them in prose would be clumsy. Unless there are very few notable alumni, lists are recommended as the most accessible way of presenting all of them. Adding a prose summary is encouraged, particularly if the list is split off as a separate article.

Alumni to be included should meet Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Bio#Basic criteria|notability criteria]], and must be [[WP:V|verifiable]]; a biography page in Wikipedia that does not provide a source cannot be used as a reference. The following is a list of external sources which contain notable alumni from various schools. Ideally this should be used for sources that are selective (separating the most notable from the rest of the alumni). When using information from one of these sources, always try to confirm it with another source (such as a newspaper article specifically about the person) and don't automatically assume any source is comprehensive, even in its field of expertise. Ideally you should confirm something from both sides (e.g. the school acknowledges the individual, and the individual acknowledges the school).

Use [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Schools/Alumni|this sub-page]] for recording school alumni who can't yet be placed in an article (e.g. the school article doesn't exist yet). When an article is made, the info can be moved there. By linking from this sub-page, somebody who creates the article would see this in the backlinks.

<center>Return to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Schools|'''main project page''']] of WikiProject Schools.</center>

[[Category:WikiProject Schools|Article advice]]