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Perekonomian Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Perekonomian Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur (sunting)

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Tentang perekonomian di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur.
Tentang perekonomian di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur.
{{Infobox economy
| country = Kabupaten Malang
| image = Lower_Manhattan_skyline_-_June_2017.jpg
| image_size = 310px
| caption = [[New York City]], the world's principal [[fintech]] and [[financial center]]<ref name=NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web|url = https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-36/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 36|date = September 24, 2024|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = September 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/ |title = New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index |website = Reuters |access-date = September 27, 2024 |last1 = Jones |first1 = Huw }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://themessenger.com/business/sorry-london-new-york-is-still-the-financial-capital-of-the-world|title=Sorry, London — New York Is Still the Financial Capital of the World|author=Laura Bratton|publisher=The Messenger|date=September 28, 2023|access-date=October 1, 2023|quote=The GDP of the New York City metropolitan area is larger than the country of South Korea...New York City was ranked as the most competitive city in the financial industry for the fifth straight year.|archive-date=October 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011211612/https://themessenger.com/business/sorry-london-new-york-is-still-the-financial-capital-of-the-world|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the epicenter of the [[List of metropolitan areas by GDP over US$100 billion|world's principal metropolitan economy]]<ref name=NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy>{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/united-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la/|title=This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output|author=Iman Ghosh|publisher=World Economic Forum|date=September 24, 2020|access-date=March 5, 2023|quote=The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.}}</ref>
| mata uang = [[Rupiah]] (Simbol: Rp; Kode: IDR) <br /> {{increase}} [[US Dollar Index]]
| tahun = 1 Oktober – 30 September
| organisasi = [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], [[G-20 major economies|G-20]], [[Group of Seven|G7]], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement|USMCA]], [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]] dan lain-lain.
| grup = {{plainlist|
* [[Developed country|Advanced economy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/groups-and-aggregates |title=World Economic Outlook Database Groups and Aggregates Information  |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org}}</ref>
* [[World Bank high-income economy|High-income economy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=September 29, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Welfare state]]<ref name="US_welfare"/><ref name="Kenworthy"/> 
}}
| populasi = 2.703.175 jiwa (Oktober 2023)<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Malang |page= 5 |publisher=[[BPS Kabupaten Malang]] |issn=2614-557X}}</ref>
| pdrb = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} Rp128.373,22 miliar ([[GDP (nominal)|nominal]]; 2024)
*{{increase}} Rp29,167 triliun ([[Paritas daya beli|PPP]]; 2024)<ref name="IMFWEOUS"/>
}}
| peringkat pdrb= {{plainlist| 
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|1st (nominal; 2024)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|2nd (PPP; 2024)]]
}}
| pertumbuhan = {{plainlist| 
* 2.5%&nbsp;(2022)<ref name="IMF_datamapper">{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/USA| title=IMF DataMapper - United States|work=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=October 25, 2024}}</ref>
* 2.9%&nbsp;(2023)<ref name="IMF_datamapper"/>
* 2.8%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="IMF_datamapper"/> (forecast)
}}
| per capita = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $82,715 (nominal; 2023)<ref name="IMFWEOUS"/>
*{{increase}} $82,715 (PPP; 2023)<ref name="IMFWEOUS"/>
}}
| per capita rank = {{plainlist|
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|6th (nominal; 2024)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|9th (PPP; 2024)]]
}}
| cpi = {{steady}} 69 out of 100 points (2023)<ref name="ti_2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 |title=CPI 2023 |date=30 January 2024 |publisher=[[Transparency International]] |access-date=30 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> ([[Corruption Perceptions Index#Ranking over Time|rank 24th]])
| sectors = {{plainlist|
* [[Primary sector of the economy|Agriculture]]: 0.9%
* [[Secondary sector of the economy|Industry]]: 18.9%
* [[Tertiary sector of the economy|Services]]: 80.2%
* (2017 est.)<ref name="CIA_US">{{cite web|title=United States|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/|website=CIA.gov|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=April 3, 2023}}</ref>}}
| components = {{plainlist|
* Household consumption: 67.9%
* Government consumption: 17.3%
* Investment in fixed capital: 17.5%
* Investment in inventories: 0.2%
* Exports of goods and services: 11.1%
* Imports of goods and services: −14%
* (2023 est.)<ref name="GDP Data">{{cite web |url= https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/gdp1q24-2nd.pdf|title=Gross Domestic Product (Second Estimate), Corporate Profits (Preliminary Estimate), First Quarter 2024|website=[[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] |date=May 30, 2024 }}</ref>}}
| inflasi = 3% (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-07-12/us-inflation-falls-to-3-lowest-level-in-more-than-2-years-as-price-pressures-ease|title=U.S. inflation falls to 3%, lowest level in more than 2 years, as price pressures ease|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref>
| kemiskinan = {{plainlist|
*{{decreasePositive}} 11.1% (2023)<ref name="PovertyCB">{{cite web|title=Poverty in the United States: 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p60-283.html|date=September 10, 2024|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 22, 2024}}</ref>
*{{decreasePositive}} 36.8 million (2023)<ref name="PovertyCB" />
}}
| gini = {{plainlist|
*{{decreasePositive}} 46.7 {{color|red|high}} (2022, [[United States Census Bureau|USCB]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2023/demo/p60-279/figure3.pdf |publisher=United States Census Bureau  |title=Income Distribution Measures and Percent Change Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income  |website=census.gov|access-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref>
*41.7 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2020, [[Congressional Budget Office|CBO]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Distribution of Household Income, 2020 |url=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/59757 |website=cbo.gov |date=November 14, 2023 |publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |access-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref>}}
| ipm = {{plainlist|
* {{increase}} 0.927 {{color|darkgreen|very high}} (2022) ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|20th]])
* {{increase}} 0.823 {{color|darkgreen|very high}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI (27th)]] (2022)<ref name="ushdi"/>}}
| labor = {{plainlist|
* 161,200,000 (2023)<ref name="BLS_JobsData" />
* 62.4% employment rate (2023)<ref name="BLS_JobsData" />}}
| pengangguran = {{plainlist|
* {{increaseNegative}} 4.2% (November 2024)<ref name="BLS_JobsData">{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t01.htm |title=Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age |publisher=[[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] |website=BLS.gov |access-date=December 6, 2024}}</ref>
* {{decreasePositive}} 13.2% youth unemployment (November 2024; 16 to 19 year-olds)<ref name="BLS_JobsData" />
* {{increaseNegative}} 7.1 million unemployed (November 2024)<ref name="BLS_JobsData" />}}
| average gross salary = [[List of American countries by monthly average wage|$5,605, monthly]]<ref name=wage2023>{{cite web | url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/04/taxing-wages-2024_f869da31/dbcbac85-en.pdf| title=Taxing Wages 2024|website=www.oecd.org }}</ref> (2023)
| average net salary = [[List of American countries by monthly average wage|$4,246, monthly]]<ref name=wage2023/> (2023)
| gross median = {{increase}} $1,041 weekly (Q2, 2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Usual Weekly Earnings Summary |url=https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/wkyeng.pdf |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=January 17, 2020}}</ref>
| occupations = {{plainlist|
* [[Primary sector of the economy|Agriculture]]: 1.0%
* [[Secondary sector of the economy|Industry]]: 19%
* [[Tertiary sector of the economy|Services]]: 80%
* (FY 2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Employment by major industry sector|url=https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/employment-by-major-industry-sector.htm|publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref>}}
| industri = {{hlist| [[High-technology]] | [[petroleum]] | [[steel]] | [[motor vehicles]] | [[aerospace]] | [[telecommunications]] | [[chemicals]] | [[electronics]] | [[agribusiness]] | [[food processing]] | [[information technology]] | [[artificial intelligence]] | [[consumer goods]] | [[lumber]] | [[retail]] | [[healthcare]] | [[financial services]] | [[mining]] | [[renewable energy]] | [[quantum computing]] | [[space technology]] | [[Arms industry|defence]] | [[biotechnology]] |  [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical]] }}
| exports = $3.053 trillion (2023)<ref name=bea>{{cite web|title=us-international-trade-goods-and-services-december-2023 |url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2024/us-international-trade-goods-and-services-december-and-annual-2023|work=[[Bureau of Economic Analysis]]|access-date=February 8, 2024}}</ref>
| export-goods = {{ublist|[[Agricultural]] products 10.7%| [[Fuels]] and [[mining]] products 9.4%| [[Manufacturers]] 74.8%| Others 5.1%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/SAEXP.pdf|title=Exports of goods by principal end-use category|work=Census Bureau}}</ref>}}
| export-partners = {{ublist
| {{flag|European Union}}(-) 18.3%
| {{flag|Canada}}(-) 17.5%
| {{flag|Mexico}}(+) 16.0%
| {{flag|China}}(-) 7.3%
| {{flag|Japan}}(-) 3.8%
||Other countries 37.1%<ref name=wto>{{cite web|title=U.S. trade in goods with World, Seasonally Adjusted |url=https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/current_press_release/ft900.pdf|work=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref>}}
| imports = $3.827 trillion (2023)<ref name=bea />
| import-goods = {{ublist|[[Agricultural]] products 10.5%| [[Fuels]] and [[mining]] products 10.7%| [[Manufacturers]] 78.4%| Others 4.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/SAIMP.pdf|title=Imports of goods by principal end-use category|work=Census Bureau}}</ref>}}
| import-partners = {{ublist
| {{flag|European Union}}(+) 23.6%
| {{flag|Mexico}}(+) 15.4%
| {{flag|China}}(-) 13.9%
| {{flag|Canada}}(+) 13.7%
| {{flag|Japan}}(-) 4.8%
||Others 28.6%<ref name=wto />}}
| current account = {{plainlist|
* {{increaseNegative}} −$948.64 billion (2024)<ref name="IMF_Finance"/>
* {{decreasePositive}} −3.25% of GDP (2024)<ref name="IMF_Finance"/>
}}
| FDI = {{plainlist|
* {{increase}} Inward: $367&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name="UNFDI">{{cite web|title=UNCTAD 2022|url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdstat47_en.pdf|access-date=January 6, 2022|website=UNCTAD}}</ref>
* {{increase}} Outward: $403&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name="UNFDI"/>
}}
| consumption = {{increase}} 85.2% of GDP (2023)<ref name="GDP Data" />
| gfcf = {{increase}} 17.7% of GDP (2023)<ref name="GDP Data" />
| yield curve = 10-year bond 5.09% (April 2024)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IRLTLT01USM156N | title=Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States }}</ref>
| pmi = {{plainlist|
* {{increase}} 50.3 Manufacturing (Mar 2024)<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmi.spglobal.com/|title=PMI, Purchasing Managers' Index – Manufacturing, Services|website=www.pmi.spglobal.com}}</ref>
* {{increase}} 51.4 Services (Mar 2024)<ref name="auto1"/>
}}
| debt = {{plainlist|   
* {{increaseNegative}} $35.294 trillion
* {{increaseNegative}} 121% of GDP (2024)<ref name="IMF_Finance">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDP_R,NGDP_RPCH,NGDP,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDP_D,NGDPRPC,NGDPRPPPPC,NGDPPC,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,NGAP_NPGDP,PPPSH,PPPEX,NID_NGDP,NGSD_NGDP,PCPI,PCPIPCH,PCPIE,PCPIEPCH,TM_RPCH,TMG_RPCH,TX_RPCH,TXG_RPCH,LUR,LE,LP,GGR,GGR_NGDP,GGX,GGX_NGDP,GGXCNL,GGXCNL_NGDP,GGSB,GGSB_NPGDP,GGXONLB,GGXONLB_NGDP,GGXWDN,GGXWDN_NGDP,GGXWDG,GGXWDG_NGDP,NGDP_FY,BCA,BCA_NGDPD,&sy=2022&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1  |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2024|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=imf.org}}</ref> 
}}
| gross external debt = {{increaseNegative}} $27 trillion (2023)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury|url=https://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/debta2022q3.html|title=Treasury TIC Data|access-date=January 30, 2022 }}</ref>
| pendapatan = $8.720 trillion<ref name="IMF_Finance"/><br />29.9% of GDP (2024)
| belanja = $10.945 trillion<ref name="IMF_Finance"/><br />37.5% of GDP (2024)<br />{{small|[[Government spending in the United States]]}}
| balance = –6.3% of GDP (2023)<ref name="CBO_Hist_20">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbo.gov/data/budget-economic-data#2  |title=Budget and Economic Data|publisher=[[Congressional Budget Office]]|website=cbo.gov}}</ref>
| reserves = $250 billion (2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://home.treasury.gov/data/us-international-reserve-position/09202024|title=U.S. International Reserve Position|website=Treasury.gov|access-date=October 22, 2024}}</ref>
| credit = {{plainlist|
* [[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu?sectorName=null&subSectorCode=39&filter=U |access-date=August 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618090608/http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu?sectorName=null&subSectorCode=39&filter=U |archive-date=June 18, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=guardian>{{cite news |title=How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating |date=April 15, 2011 |first1=Simon |last1=Rogers |first2=Ami |last2=Sedghi |work=The Guardian|location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/apr/30/credit-ratings-country-fitch-moodys-standard |access-date=May 28, 2011}}</ref>
* AA+ (Domestic)
* AA+ (Foreign)
* AAA (T&C Assessment)
* Outlook: Stable
----
* [[Moody's]]:<ref name=guardian /><ref>{{cite news|last=Riley|first=Charles|title=Moody's affirms Aaa rating, lowers outlook|url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/08/02/news/economy/moodys_credit_rating/index.htm?hpt=hp_t1|publisher=CNN|date=August 2, 2017}}</ref>
* Aaa
* Outlook: Stable
----
* [[Fitch Group|Fitch]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Fitch Downgrades the United States' Long-Term Ratings to 'AA+' from 'AAA'; Outlook Stable|url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-downgrades-united-states-long-term-ratings-to-aa-from-aaa-outlook-stable-01-08-2023|website=Fitch Ratings}}</ref>
* AA+
* Outlook: Stable
----
* Scope Ratings:<ref>{{cite web|title=Scope confirms the United States of America at AA and assigns a Negative Outlook|url=https://www.scoperatings.com/ratings-and-research/rating/EN/174598|website=Scope Ratings}}</ref>
* AA
* Outlook: Negative}}
| aid = ''donor'': [[Official development assistance|ODA]], $35.26 billion (2017)<ref name="oecd-aid">{{cite web|title=Development aid rises again in 2016 but flows to poorest countries dip |url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/development-aid-rises-again-in-2016-but-flows-to-poorest-countries-dip.htm |website=[[OECD]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |date=April 11, 2017 }}</ref>
| cianame = united-states
| spelling = US
}}
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